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Ravidas was a North Indian mystic poet-sant of the bhakti movement. He was active in the 15th to 16th century CE.〔〔 Venerated as a Guru (teacher) in the region of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, the devotional songs of Ravidas made a lasting impact upon the bhakti movement. He was a poet-saint, social reformer and a spiritual figure. He is considered as the founder of 21st-century Ravidassia religion, by a group who previously were associated with Sikhism.〔 The life details of Ravidas are uncertain and contested. Most scholars believe he was born about 1450 CE,〔 in a family that worked with dead animals and their skin to produce leather products, making them an untouchable Chamar caste.〔〔 Tradition and medieval era texts state Ravidas was one of the disciples of the Brahmin bhakti sant-poet Ramananda.〔〔 Ravidas' devotional songs were included in the Sikh Scriptures, Guru Granth Sahib.〔Callewaert and Friedlander, ''The Life and Works of Ravidass Ji'', Manohar, Delhi, 1992, quoted in Gavin Flood, ''An Introduction to Hinduism'', Cambridge 1996.〕〔 The ''Panch Vani'' text of Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism also includes numerous poems of Ravidas.〔 There is a larger body of hymns passed on independently that is claimed and attributed to Ravidas. Guru Ravidass Ji taught removal of social divisions of caste and gender, and promoted unity in the pursuit of personal spiritual freedoms. His name often includes the honorific ''Bhagat'', ''Sant'' or ''Guru'', and sometimes spelled as Ravidass, Raidas, Rohidas and Ruhidas.〔〔〔Ravindra S Khare (1985), The Untouchable as Himself, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521263146, pages 41-47〕 == Life == The details of Bhagat Ravidass Ji's life are not well known. Most scholars state he was born about 1450, and died about 1520.〔〔 According to some he was born in 1376/7 or else 1399 CE. Ravidas was born in a village named Seer Goverdhanpur, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. Kalsa was his mother, and his father was Santokh Das. His parents belonged to a leather-working Chamar community, whose profession involved processing dead animals and their skins, which made them untouchable.〔 The text ''Anantadas Parcai'', one of the earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets, introduces the birth of Ravidas as follows,〔 Medieval era texts, such as the Bhaktamal suggest that Ravidas was one of the disciples of the Brahmin bhakti sant-poet Ramananda.〔Rekha Pande (2014), Divine Sounds from the Heart—Singing Unfettered in their Own Voices, Cambridge Scholars Publishers, ISBN 978-1443825252, pages 76-77〕〔David Lorenzen (1996), Praises to a Formless God: Nirguni Texts from North India, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791428054, page 268〕 He is traditionally considered as Kabir's younger contemporary.〔James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0823931804, page 569〕 Ravidas' father married him to Lona at early age, and they had a son named Vijaydas. His ideas and fame grew over his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins (members of priestly upper caste) used to bow before him.〔 Most scholars believe that Ravidas met Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism.〔 His is revered in the Sikh scripture, and 41 of Ravidas poems are included in the Adi Granth. These poems are one of the oldest attested source of his ideas and literary works.〔〔 Another substantial source of legends and stories about the life of Ravidas is the hagiography in the Sikh tradition, named ''Premambodha''.〔 This text, composed over 150 years after Ravidas' death, in 1693, includes him as one of the seventeen saints of Indian religious tradition.〔 The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the ''Parcais'' of Anantadas, both contain chapters on Ravidas.〔Winnand Callewaert (2000), The Hagiographies of Anantadas: The Bhakti Poets of North India, Routledge, ISBN 978-0700713318, pages 1-4〕 Other than these, the scriptures and texts of Sikh tradition and the Hindu Dadupanthi traditions, most other written sources about the life of Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers of Ravidas), were composed in early 20th century, or about 400 years after his death.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ravidas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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